Kilimanjaro - crown of Africa, the crown of Tanzania

   Kilimanjaro is called "the crown of Tanzania." With the same success it It could be called the "crown of Africa", because it is the highest mountain range on this continent. Geographically located in the south-eastern part of Africa, in Tanzania. Despite the hot climate, snow on top of it never melts. Therefore, from a distance makes truly fantastic spectacle - virtually flat plains It grows gigantic mountain ridges ending in clouds. As Hemingway said about the types of this part of Africa  - they are "wide as the world is immense, high and incredibly clean ... "

Kilimanjaro is a huge dormant volcano, which consists of two well- expressed highest peaks and another lower. The tallest vertex is called Kibo. Its height is 5895 meters above sea level.
The second peak of slightly lower, called Mawenzi and has a height of 5149 meters. The third peak -Shira Ridge, has a height of "only" 3962 meters. Despite the fact that the top Kibo has a greater height, it more accessible for climbing than Mawenzi and conquer it can almost any healthy person with a special wish. But the apex Mawenzi is available only for the conquest of well-trained groups climbers.

Climbing routes presented 7 main trail. Five of these designed for climbing only. One for running and one for ascents and for the descent. These rules are prescribed for execution Kilimanjaro National Park. Five routes for recovery called Shira, Lemosho, Machame, Umbwe, Loitokitok or Rongai.
The route for lift and for descent called Marangu, or Coca-Cola way. And the only route for the descent called Mweka. Home and the highest peak of the mountain - Kibo, at an altitude of about 4,000 meters, encircles the circular trail, which is called - Ring Kibo. Yet it is divided into North and South Ring Ring Kibo Kibo. All routes climbing meet this roundabout path and continue to the top are three trails - Western Breach Trail (also known as Route Arrow Glacier), the trail Barafu (Barafu) and so-called trail huts Kibo. All routes are designed for the conquest of Kibo 5-7 days, and it was mentioned above, it does not require special mountaineering training.

Kilimanjaro being not only the highest mountain system in Africa, and also one of the world's largest volcanoes. An array of ridges It covers an area of ​​388,500 hectares. Kibo crater is the most preserved, its highest point - the peak of Uhuru, 5895 meters. This is the highest point Africa and the goal of every traveler who visited Kilimanjaro. This vertex has powerful glaciers and is always covered with snow. Its crater on actually has three concentric crater and here you can still see signs of volcanic activity - the smoke and the smell of sulfur. Vertex Mawenzi has no permanent glaciation, but because of the steep slopes It is quite complex and difficult to climb. The tallest point of the peaks peak Hans Meyer, height 5149 meters. Ridge Shira - the third and most low top, height 3962 meters as thought is nothing else but destroyed during the eruption of the mountain range. It stretches from the plateau of the same name, is nothing but first as a caldera volcano, filled with lava from later eruptions. Caldera is the destruction of the crater of an extinct volcano. it a large plateau covers an area of ​​6200 hectares and is A distinctive feature of this beautiful natural wonder creation.

It is not surprising that such a huge mountain range has its own microclimate. It is caused by winds from both the Indian Ocean, and from the southeast, which are facing the mountain ridges, raising moist air masses, leading to loss Precipitation in the form of rain at the foot of the mountains and the snow on its summit. These Monsoon winds create two rainy season in the area. First -long season tropical rains, which lasts from the beginning of March to the end May. The second - a short season of tropical rains, beginning in the early November and lasts till February month. The climate in Tanzania, mostly tropical temperatures throughout the year range from 20 to 32 degrees Celsius. Warmest in February and March, cooler (relatively) - in July and August. The best time to visit the country: from July to October and / or December to March. The best time of year for climbing Kilimanjaro is the period from early January to mid- March and from June to October.

To conquer the highest point of Kilimanjaro does not require special physical or mountaineering skills. But still guides insist on pre-training, based mainly on overcoming the "altitude sickness" - particularly breathing at high altitudes. But in this respect, this top of the "softer" the others, it is even lower "Growth". Its proximity to the equator causes higher thickness atmospheric layer than, for example, the Caucasus or the Alps. therefore breathing is much easier to climb above the clouds and can even children! So the youngest conqueror of the mountain was only 9 years old! In 2002,
South Africans, Joshua Schumacher has made the bold attempt, which in turn led to a breach of the basic rules of the Park - the mountain not allowed to go up to people younger than 10 years. And most elderly "Climber", the Frenchman Veyltu Daniel, at the time of the ascent was 87
years.

Lukwata between myth and reality - the monster of Lake Victoria

Lake Victoria as any geographical object held under scientific aspects, hydro-mathematical, economic and more
in contecstul real sciences, also has its own myths, legends, superstitions.
A myth about l.Victoria, which became the most famous in the world is about aquatic monster whose existence lukvata
edged with reality.
In most cases it described similar to a plesiosaur (prehistoric marine reptile) or apatozaur; having head
Ghita little long, other sources described like a python extreme dimensions. Tribes living near
lake. Victoria worshiped as deities une aducindui offerings. High prices are amulets made of bones
animal found after his death, they believe that the amulet protect against disease caused by tsetse flies and sleeping
defends crocodiles.
Lake Victoria Lukvata evidence does not appear in the locals as the villain after her is what you Finta amusement
By making jokes sometimes peccary: moving boats, the nets break them. Sometimes there and fight
crocodiles that are present in large numbers in the lake.
About the existence of evidence not only advocates its native fishermen, but also travelers, foreign certcetatorilor.
Harry Johnston was the first to draw the attention of the scientific community in 1902, published a book about
Uganda information on mysterious animals living in Lake Victoria. Here is an excerpt: "Some locals
recounts a legend as well as the waters of Lake traeste lukvata a living dragon. It may be a small cetaceans, or
manatees, or more likely a big fish. A traveler could see this creature. Sir Clement Hill across the lake
in 1900 a small steam boat and saw a huge square head, like that of a fish. "
An important testimony of Clement Hill, documented by anthropologist Hoblit "A few years ago, he wrote in 1912-C. Hill
traveling on a small steamboat from Kisumu to Entebbe, when the once wanted a grasp on aboriginal shawl that are
head boat but did not succeed. He managed to see them pupa.Avea head to head in the water already dark color oval,
for sure it was a crocodile 'testimonies Asrfel second person are enough, it goes Hoblit believes ina
about a large python the other depending on the imagination and fantasy.
Other researchers are of the view that taking into consideration the fish species fossils that are not encountered only in Lake Victoria
this aquatic monster might still exist as evidence and taking inpunatore surface of the lake.

Lake Edward - African Great Lakes Region

One of the six great basins of the Great Lakes Region of Africa, called; Edward, was named in honor of the Prince of Wales and his son
Queen Victoria, later King Edward VII of Great Britanii-.
Discovered in Henry Morton Stanley 1888 - American journalist researcher, Emin Pasha expedition. In this period of the 19th century three countries
making efforts on European colonial African equatorial region. Both personalities were amazing biographies and braided in the game these states
 (UK, Belgium, Germany) to master this region.

Lake Edward is at an altitude of 920 meters, a length of approximately 80 km and 40 km maximum width distance between the sides,
and covers a total area of ​​2325 square kilometers, which makes the 15th of the largest on the continent. The lake is fed
rivers: Nyamugasani, Ishasha, Rutshuru, and Rwindi Ntungwe.
 It flows north through Semliki River into Lake Albert. Lake Edward northeast Kazinga channel joins Lake George.
It is assumed that these two lakes were alone, but the result of volcanic eruptions which have remained communicating only through Kazinga channel.
By geography lake is located intro depression inclined from east to west, is surrounded by monotonous plain relief. A traveler who sees the
The first time; it may be confused with a swamp because depth is small for banks forming a carpet of emerald-green reeds and reed -
typical marsh plants. To the west, however, the banks are rocky and steep here pote lake depth exceeding 100 meters.

Around Lake National Parks and Reserves are organized, Queen Elizabeth Park in Uganda and in the Democratic Republic of Kongo -
Virunga National Park. In Queen Elizabeth it is practically year round dispoziria less tourists visited during the rainy season from March to June and


October. Only 20 km north mountains are also Ruvenzorii where it created a national park.

   Henry Stanley was born in Wales, grew up in his uncle's family until 18, then emigreza in America. Confederation joined the army from participating in civil war
America is made prisoner. After the war Ottoman Empire undertook an expedition ended in failure, attend the opening of the Suez Canal.
 Stanley is known for his mission d Search source of the Nile and the Congo Basin region cercetarear have ties to King Leopold II
 Belgium. Make a series of discoveries in the equatorial region of Africa
and plays an important role in colonization. As a result of these mentions were awarded medals of a number of academies of science in Europe
and becoming a member thereof, is knighted in 1899 by Queen.

  Emin Pasha doctor Jew born in Germany (Eduard Schnitzer), as the doctor was a time in Macedonia after those passes in job Empire
Ottoman to Constantinople where Islam converts.
In 1878 tste appointed Provincial Governor chedivul Egypt Equatorial ie grant title Bey and Pasha over 10 years. Emin Pasha made
a series of expeditions to the upper reaches of the White Nile and the Great Lakes has many geographical research, zoological, meteorological and ethnographic
in these areas and in Eastern Sudan, prepares and sends biological collections in Europe and Emin Pasha tried to Governor etnografice.Ca
reorganize the system of local governance, and the fight against the slave trade. In 1883 after the outbreak of an uprising in Sudan is broken
outside world. Contact with Europe was made by Henry Morton Stanley-led expedition sent in 1886 to help
 December 4, 1889 managed to connect with a group of Emin Pasha in the Lake Albert region
  In 1890, Emin Pasha entered government service Shtulmanom Germany with Franz led the expedition,
which was designed to impart influence of Germany in the territory of German East Africa and Cameroon. In this campaign,
ugogo tribes conquered territory and raised the German flag unyamvezi on Tabor.

Lake Victoria - the exotic sea for the traveler

Lake Victoria - part of the seats not too affected by technical progress in eastern Africa in
region of the equator, is ipunator by its geographic parameters.
  You realize that location is quite favorabila.In climatic region takes place scidarea
 winter and summer seasons, season with ETSI rain followed by dry periods of the year. The rainy season but creates
difficulties for
navigation on l.Victoria, it aroused waves rise relatively large storm on the lake. The rainy season as process
It takes place 2 times a year, in April-July and Nov.-decembbrie. Certainly there are periods of transition
increases or decreases in the intensity of rain or sunny days.

Lake Victoria as a tourist is virtually dry seasons of the year ie January-February,
early March and August.
Turizm has different specifications: starting with simple knowledge of inprejurarilor, as well as making sure that specific purpose
vinatoarea.L.Victoria hobby like fishing or has a high diversity of plant and animal species, of which
It is populated.

 Hippos, crocodiles are in numerical increase or made after restrictions on hunting and poaching. Crocodiles they meet often and sometimes creates problems for fishermen. For tourists hunting tours are organized on the basis of Licenza

In the waters of Lake traesc over 100 species of fish, some of them are unique in Finding out only exception here. As example: fish Lang, who is present here 300 million years (!) Is a living fossil!
  A remaining problem in the past tsetse flies, it bites annually in Africa die 20 thousand people. Problem solved with the help of biologists on Lake Victoria: around the lake or distributed feeders with certain substances sitetizata them that tsetse flies used in a particular food. The secret
like substance in those time did not allow them to be followers of the so called sleeping sickness transmitters.
Namely sleeping sickness prevalent bite after bite its Tete and causes inflammation, high fever,
drowsiness, if not timely cured in a few weeks provaca attacks the nervous system and death.
  Another problem for Lake Victoria in aniш 80 became geotsint, this plant was imported from Europe
decorating small lakes, some in a manner that is spne reached the lake, înmultinduse such an extent that the
Sailing became a problem for Owen Falls dam and she found a solution. They were made weevil
geotsint that feed on them, in a few years geotsintul insects devoured almost all of the lake.

 Around the lake are organized nature reserves and parks within their territory may be encountered nationale.Pe
many animal species, some of them here; elephants, rhinos, giraffes, antelopes grazing hippos, crocodiles,
chimpanzee, green monkey, porcupines, mongoose, pythons, Rubondo Island impresses
about 500 species of birds, here you can meet certain specific Situatunga antelope subspecificare here
It is a great beauty, although it has a large complex spread in Africa deosbit in swampy areas.

 Lake Victoria's geographical presence in East Africa, located on the territory of three countries: Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania.
Taking 68 thousand square kilometers (compared: Ireland - 70 273 sq km, Georgia - 69,700 square kilometers, Sri Lanka - 65 610 square kilometers, Lithuania - 65 300 sq km)
is the second largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area is in comparison to a relatively deep
small: around 40m, the biggest depth is 80m. Lake Vitoria, who was called by the natives Nyanza,
It was named in honor of the Queen by John Speke in the summer of 1858
English scientist traveler, who is searching for the source of the Nile.

Bwindi National Park, Uganda - impassable forest

Waters met obstacles to their rivers as trickles be fantastically beautiful waterfalls or as overflow hose into lakes.
Here they were beginning Ivi, Munianga, Ishasha which flows in Lake Edward.
 Other rivers flow into lakes by moving and bunion
The waters of rivers and lakes di park Bvindi used for irrigation in agriculture, favorable terrain park that forms a depression
occupations of the natives, virtually National Park divides into two parts: the north and south.
Since 1991 with the creation in Uganda two more Ruvenzori and Mgahinga national parks were put severe restrictions natives who had occupations
park forests, forbidden to the natives Pygmies live in the park. They like having several occupations: hunting, felling of trees, beekeeping.
The restrictions have stirred up discontent among them caused serious conflicts with bloodshed and deaths.

Bvindi National Park is located in South West Uganda Virunga Mountains where relief gradually shift towards the Great Rift Valley. Virunga Mountains
is a volcanic mountain chain (8 active volcanoes) of Africa that stretches for 150km from the borders of three African countries: Rwanda, Uganda and
Democratic Republic of Kongo.
    Bvindi National Park was formed in 1932 and the park is also called mountain gorillas, is not too big an area 331km / 2. It is one of the
oldest national parks in Africa. But the idea was preceded by the formation in 1925 of Alibert in the Virunga Mountains National Park.
   Carl Akeley known American naturalist and sculptor 1921 Virunga Mountains expedition came intro for the American Museum of Natural Sciences
to hunt some gorilla was impesionat these places, leaving Belgium in 1925 and convinces King Alibert 1 need to create a national park
Virunga mountains.
Mountain gorillas that inhabit Namely territory Bvindi National Park, it is visited by tourists from around the world.
This species of gorillas is limited in a number about 800 individuals in the world and are spreading their range; the volcanic slopes
Virunga Mountains and dinre the park. nation. Uganda Bvindi vetuiesc somewhere around 340 primates of this species. Gorillas often migrate
 new places and can cross the border in Uganda or Rwanda di Volcanoes park in the Virunga National Park in Rep.Democr. Congo,
so in two; Alibert was divided National Park, in the early 60s after these countries became independent.
This first traesc in groups from 7 to more than 30 in number. The groups led by a male sin which is colored backs Suri (silver)
accompanied by a few younger males; But having dark hair color and a harem of females with cubs.
 Silverback are very strong and are always ready to defend the group, particularly in females. They are heavier at a height of 130 cm can
weigh up to 160kg over! Can attacking approach if they sense danger or are undermining the authority, otherwise they are not aggressive.
Females are slightly smaller: weigh up to 100kg, with a height of up to one meter. They give birth to a single offspring about 2kg weight than you
grow up to 3 years. Mountain gorilla population Because of this hard restores.

Along with the mountain gorillas in the park traesc and many other animal species, such as; common chimpanzee, monkey mountain, African elephant,
red-tailed monkey, vervet monkey, pig big forest, and some small species antelope. Among predators in Bwindi
they meet jackal striped and golden cat
African civet. The number of fish species in rivers and lakes is unknown

Park impresses with the diversity of plant and animal world is one of the oldest and richest ecosystems in Africa due and amplitude
 spreading. 160 species of trees, 100 species of ferns about! In traesc park more than 130 species of mammals, 340 species of birds, 200 species of butterflies
 divers are amazed by their color.